冷再生技術(shù)作為道路養(yǎng)護(hù)領(lǐng)域的重要工藝，通過(guò)循環(huán)利用舊瀝青路面材料（RAP），實(shí)現(xiàn)了資源節(jié)約與成本優(yōu)化。在租賃設(shè)備與材料配伍過(guò)程中，需結(jié)合工程需求與環(huán)境條件，科學(xué)搭配新舊材料比例，確保再生混合料性能達(dá)標(biāo)。以下從材料特性、配伍原則及施工要點(diǎn)三方面展開(kāi)分析。

　　Cold recycling technology, as an important process in the field of road maintenance, achieves resource conservation and cost optimization by recycling old asphalt pavement materials (RAP). In the process of leasing equipment and material compatibility, it is necessary to combine engineering requirements and environmental conditions, scientifically match the ratio of new and old materials, and ensure that the performance of the recycled mixture meets the standards. The following analysis will be conducted from three aspects: material characteristics, compatibility principles, and construction points.

　　一、舊料評(píng)估與預(yù)處理技巧

　　1、 Old material evaluation and pretreatment techniques

　　冷再生施工前，需對(duì)回收的RAP進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，分析級(jí)配組成、瀝青含量及老化程度。通過(guò)篩分試驗(yàn)確定舊料粒徑分布，若細(xì)料不足，需補(bǔ)充新集料調(diào)整級(jí)配曲線；若粗料過(guò)多，則需添加再生劑軟化老化瀝青。對(duì)于含泥量超標(biāo)的舊料，可采用水洗或風(fēng)選工藝凈化，確保再生混合料潔凈度。

　　Before cold recycling construction, a comprehensive inspection of the recycled RAP is required, with a focus on analyzing the gradation composition, asphalt content, and aging degree. Determine the particle size distribution of old materials through screening tests. If there is insufficient fine material, new aggregate should be added to adjust the grading curve; If there is too much coarse material, a rejuvenator needs to be added to soften the aged asphalt. For old materials with excessive mud content, water washing or air selection processes can be used for purification to ensure the cleanliness of the recycled mixture.

　　二、新料選擇與配比設(shè)計(jì)

　　2、 New material selection and proportioning design

　　瀝青再生劑：

　　Asphalt rejuvenator:

　　根據(jù)舊瀝青針入度恢復(fù)率選擇再生劑類型，輕度老化瀝青可選用低黏度再生劑，重度老化瀝青則需高活性組分產(chǎn)品。實(shí)驗(yàn)室需通過(guò)薄膜烘箱試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證再生瀝青的延度、軟化點(diǎn)等指標(biāo)，確保其滿足JTGF41-2008標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。

　　Select the type of rejuvenator based on the penetration recovery rate of old asphalt. Low viscosity rejuvenators can be used for mildly aged asphalt, while highly active component products are required for heavily aged asphalt. The laboratory needs to verify the ductility, softening point and other indicators of recycled asphalt through thin film oven testing to ensure that it meets the requirements of JTGF41-2008 standard.

　　水泥摻量控制：

　　Cement dosage control:

　　在乳化瀝青冷再生中，水泥作為活性填料可提升早期強(qiáng)度。摻量需根據(jù)舊料含水量動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整，通?？刂圃?.5%-2.5%之間。過(guò)量水泥會(huì)導(dǎo)致脆性增加，不足則影響壓實(shí)度，需通過(guò)無(wú)側(cè)限抗壓強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)確定值。

　　In the cold recycling of emulsified asphalt, cement as an active filler can enhance early strength. The dosage needs to be dynamically adjusted according to the moisture content of the old material, usually controlled between 1.5% -2.5%. Excessive cement can lead to increased brittleness, while insufficient cement can affect compaction. The optimal value needs to be determined through unconfined compressive strength testing.

　　新集料補(bǔ)充策略：

　　New aggregate replenishment strategy:

　　當(dāng)RAP級(jí)配不滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求時(shí)，需添加0-5mm石屑或5-10mm碎石調(diào)整。新增集料需與舊料具有良好的嵌擠性能，避免出現(xiàn)離析現(xiàn)象。對(duì)于重交通道路，建議補(bǔ)充玄武巖等硬質(zhì)石料，提升混合料抗車(chē)轍能力。

　　When the RAP grading does not meet the design requirements, 0-5mm stone chips or 5-10mm crushed stones need to be added for adjustment. The newly added aggregate should have good interlocking performance with the old material to avoid segregation. For heavy traffic roads, it is recommended to supplement hard stone materials such as basalt to enhance the anti rutting ability of the mixture.

　　三、級(jí)配優(yōu)化與性能驗(yàn)證

　　3、 Grading optimization and performance verification

　　骨架密實(shí)型設(shè)計(jì)：

　　Dense skeleton design:

　　采用貝雷法進(jìn)行級(jí)配驗(yàn)證，確保關(guān)鍵篩孔通過(guò)率符合要求。對(duì)于基層再生料，4.75mm篩孔通過(guò)率宜控制在35%-45%，形成骨架密實(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)，兼顧強(qiáng)度與抗裂性。

　　Use the Berry method for grading verification to ensure that the pass rate of key sieve holes meets the requirements. For grassroots recycled materials, the pass rate of 4.75mm sieve should be controlled at 35% -45% to form a dense skeleton structure that balances strength and crack resistance.

　　干濕劈裂強(qiáng)度比：

　　Dry wet splitting strength ratio:

　　實(shí)驗(yàn)室需制備馬歇爾試件，測(cè)試15℃浸水劈裂強(qiáng)度與干燥劈裂強(qiáng)度比值。冷再生混合料該比值應(yīng)達(dá)到75%以上，證明其具有良好的水穩(wěn)定性。

　　Marshall specimens need to be prepared in the laboratory to test the ratio of 15 ℃ immersion splitting strength to dry splitting strength. The ratio of high-quality cold recycled mixture should reach over 75%, proving its good water stability.

　　四、施工過(guò)程控制要點(diǎn)

　　4、 Key points of construction process control

　　含水量動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)控：

　　Dynamic regulation of moisture content:

　　根據(jù)氣溫、風(fēng)速等條件調(diào)整拌合用水量，確保再生料出廠含水量較含水量高1-2個(gè)百分點(diǎn)，補(bǔ)償運(yùn)輸、攤鋪過(guò)程中的水分蒸發(fā)。采用紅外測(cè)溫儀實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)料堆溫度，避免局部過(guò)濕或過(guò)干。

　　Adjust the mixing water amount according to temperature, wind speed, and other conditions to ensure that the moisture content of the recycled material at the factory is 1-2 percentage points higher than the optimal moisture content, and compensate for water evaporation during transportation and paving. Real time monitoring of the temperature of the material pile using an infrared thermometer to avoid local over wetting or over drying.

　　拌合均勻性保障：

　　Uniformity guarantee of mixing:

　　冷再生機(jī)行駛速度需與拌合深度匹配，確保新舊料充分裹覆。對(duì)于級(jí)配變異較大的舊料，可采取二次拌合工藝，先預(yù)拌后精拌，提升混合料均勻性。

　　The driving speed of the cold recycling machine needs to be matched with the mixing depth to ensure that the new and old materials are fully coated. For old materials with significant variation in gradation, a secondary mixing process can be adopted, which involves pre mixing before precision mixing to improve the uniformity of the mixture.

　　養(yǎng)生期管理：

　　Health Preservation Period Management:

　　乳化瀝青冷再生層需封閉交通養(yǎng)生7天以上，期間保持表面濕潤(rùn)。對(duì)于水泥穩(wěn)定冷再生層，需采用土工布覆蓋保濕，前3天每日灑水3-4次，防止干縮裂縫產(chǎn)生。

　　The emulsified asphalt cold recycling layer needs to be sealed off from traffic for more than 7 days, during which the surface should be kept moist. For the cement stabilized cold recycled layer, geotextile should be used to cover and moisturize it. Water should be sprayed 3-4 times a day for the first 3 days to prevent the occurrence of shrinkage cracks.

　　冷再生租賃材料配伍需遵循“舊料活化、新料補(bǔ)強(qiáng)、級(jí)配優(yōu)化、性能驗(yàn)證”的原則，通過(guò)精細(xì)化材料管理與施工控制，可實(shí)現(xiàn)再生混合料性能媲美傳統(tǒng)熱拌料的目標(biāo)。隨著再生劑技術(shù)的進(jìn)步與智能配比系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用，冷再生工藝將在綠色公路建設(shè)中發(fā)揮更大價(jià)值。

　　The compatibility of cold recycled rental materials should follow the principles of "activation of old materials, reinforcement of new materials, optimization of gradation, and performance verification". Through refined material management and construction control, the goal of achieving the performance of recycled mixtures comparable to traditional hot mix materials can be achieved. With the advancement of rejuvenator technology and the application of intelligent proportioning systems, the cold regeneration process will play a greater role in the construction of green highways.

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